Improvement in base-burning stoves



J. C. SEARLE. Magazine Stove.

Patented Jan. 111, 1870.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J. Q. G. SEARLE, OF TOPEKA, KANSAS.

I IMPROVEMENT IN BASE-BURNING STOVES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 98,806, dated January11, 1870.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J. Q. G. SEARLE, of Topeka, county of Shawnee, Stateof Kansas, haveinvented certain Improvements in Stoves,

of which the following is a specification:

thorough heating of the external plates of the stove, and of the airwhich passes through the stove; and my invention further consists in soconstructing a stove that by detaching certain parts a stove of adifferent character is produced, the necessity of having two sets ofpatterns for two different, kinds of, stoves being thus avoided.

Figure l is a sectional elevation of my improved stove; Fig. 2, a.sectional plan on the line 1' 2, Fig. 1; Figs. 3 and 4, detached viewsof different parts of the stove drawn to an enlarged scale; Fig. 5, amodification, and Fig. 6 an elevation, partly in section, illustrating achange which may be made by removing the cylinder or body of the stove.

Within the base A of the stove, upon the base-plate a, rests a cylinder,B, which has at its upper end a perforatedflange, a, and communicates atits lower end with the ash-box E. Upon the flange a of the cylinder Brests a flaring perforated fire-pot, O,withiu which is a liningconsisting of a series of perforated blocks, 6, each, of which, is cutaway at the under side to form one or more recesses, 0, access being hadto these recesses through perforations in the segments in the fire-potand in the flange a. Into elongated recesses near the upper edge of thecylinder B project the trunnions of a circular grate, D, and to one ofthese trunnions is connected one end of a rod, d, which extends throughthe outer casing, another rod, d, which also extends through the casing,being connected at its inner end to astaple at the under side and rearof the grate, so that the latter may be partially rotated to sift thefire by operating the rod 01, and may be dumped to discharge thecontents 0f the fire-pot by drawing forward the rod (1 chamber F abovethe lire-pot.

The base of the stove, below the upper edge of the fire-pot, is dividedby a horizontal partition, d and by vertical annular partitions orcasings ff into chambers F F F F, radiating tubes 9 g, &c., extendingfrom the partitionf, through the chamber F, to the outer casing, similartubes g extending through the chamber F from the cylinder B to the outercasing, and vertical tubes g communicating with the chamber ,F extendingto the baseplate a. The chamber F communicates through openings with theinterior of the cylinder B, and through openings 0 in the baseplate a,with the spacebelow the latter. In the plate d are elongated openin gs jj, through which the chamber F communicates with the In the upperportion of the base, which is conical or inclined, and incloses achamber, F are openings h, each of which is surrounded bya frame orflange, i, Fig. 3, and to the latter is hinged.

a door, G, provided with the usual transparent pane of mica or othermaterial. To the inner side of the door is secured a perforated metalbox or lining, is, which (when the door is closed) flts within the framet, a recess or opening, t, allowing air to pass into the space betweenthe door and its lining. The body or cylinder of the stove consists of asingle casing, A, which constitutes the fuel-magazine, and is contractedat the lower end to form a neck, the latter being surrounded by aperforated casing, H, resting on the base, and

secured to the casing A.

At the upper end of the magazine is a casing, I, the top of which isdepressed at the center, so as to form an inclined flange, 1,surrounding the feed-opening m, the latter being covered by a cap, J. Inthe bottom of the casing I, which is conical or funnel-shaped, is anopening, m, having at the edgea flange, and on one side of the latter isa slot, n, for a purpose described hereafter.

On the neck of the magazine are lugs o adaptedto recesses in a flange,p, at the upper edge of a bell-shaped detachable box vor feeder, K, Fig.4., so that the latter can be connected to the magazine by first raisingit to permit the lugs o to pass through the recesses inthe flange, andthen turning .it slightly, so

as to bring the unbroken parts of the flange above thelugs. In the innerside of the feeder, U

and from the casing H to the feeder extend parallel conical plates L Linclosing a chamber, 00, which communicates through suitable openingswith the cham berg within the feeder. The enlargement of the magazine Aabove the feeder forms, between the body of the magazine and the plateL, an airspace or chamber, Z, the object ofwhich will be describedhereafter.

A curved rod, M, extends through an opening in one side of the magazine,through the neck of the same, and into the feeder, and is provided atits lower end with radiating fingers, which, when the rod is agitated,serve ,to dislodge the fuel, should the latter become wedged within theneck.

The smoke pipe or flue N communicates at its lower end with the chamberF and,'

through the lateral branches 0 P, with the chamber F above the fire-pot,and with the The pipe P is, provided with'an ordinary damper, q, andtheupper part of the magazine.

pipe 0 with a valve, 1, hinged at its upper edge, and to which isjointed a curved bar, s, teeth or serrations at one edge of the lattercatching on the edge of the pipe, and retainingthe valve in any positionto which it may be adjusted. I

The magazine A is filled with fuel, and a fire is kindled in thefire-pot, the valve 1 being opened to permit the passage of smoke, untilthe coal is ignited, when it is closed. The heated gases and products ofcombustion pass downward through the chamber F close to the exteriorcasing of the stove, through the openings j j, to the chamber F andthence to the flue N, and, being brought into close 7 contact withalmost every portion of the outer casing of the base, thoroughly heatthe latter.

The fuel in the fire-pot is plentifully supplied with air, a portion ofwhich passes into- .the cylinder B, both from the ash-pit and throughthe openings 0 and tubes 9 another portion passing in fine streamsthrough the perforated lining e from the recesses c, which are suppliedfrom the chambers F and F Independently of the aid afforded ineffect-.ing a thorough combustion of the contents of .the fire-pot, the airwhich is thus caused to circulate through and around the fire-potmaintains the latter at such a low temperature that it cannot burn away,while that portion of the air which does not pass into the fire-pot is.

heated by its contact with the latter and with the heated casings, andis discharged in this state through the tubes 9 into the apartment.

Owing to the peculiar shape of the feeder its mouth presents anextensive perforated surface, which is so nearly horizontal that a,large volume of air is discharged directly downward among the heatedgases issuing from the fire-pot, and as these gases pass in, thechamber]? theyare met by the air which enters through the perforatedlinings It of the doors, such a plentiful supply of oxygen being thusfurnished to the heated products of combustion as to eifect theirthorough consumption within the-base of the stove, and before they canpass into the chimney.

In supplying a fire-pot with fuel from a reservoir the coal within themouth of the reservoir is very apt to become heated and coked before oras it passes from the reservoir, and before it reaches the fire-pot,this being especially the case when burning soft or bituminous coal,which cokes at a very low heat.

-I have found that a plentiful supply of air introduced among theparticles of coal as they pass from the feeder to the fire-pot willeffectually prevent the coking of the fuel. In the present instance theair, passing through the perforated casing H and into the hollow feederK, is not only thrown directly down ward'onto the surface of the fire,as before described, but is also distributed among the particles of coalas they pass from the feeder to the fire-pot, the coal both within anddirectly below the mouth of the feeder being thus prevented frombecoming unduly heated.

The inclined plates L L, which serve to conduct the air to the feeder,extend almost to the lower edge of the latter, so as to prevent theheated gases from rising into contact with any other part of thereservoir, the neck of the latter and its contents being maintained at alow temperature by the air of the apartment, which circulates freely inthe space orchamber Z in direct contact with the reser- V011.

It will be seen that the casing H serves'to support the magazine, andimparts a more finished appearance to the stove without preventing thefree access of air to the chamber Z. This casing may be, however,dispensed with, as may also one of the plates or partistove is greatlyreduced, and its magazine is exposed so directly to the air of theapartment that it cannot become unduly heated.

It will be apparent that the same results may be obtained when adetachable magazine is fitted in an outer stationary casing, which maybe perforated, as shown in Fig. 6. Other means than those described maybe used for discharging air among the particles of fuel as they leavethe feeder, and the latter may be solid instead of hollow, and may forma permanent instead of being a detachable part, of the magazine. Iprefer, however, to make it detachable, as the parts of the stove maythen be more readily fitted together. The pipe 1? prevents the escape ofany vapor which may arise from the introduction of the fuel in a moiststate into the magazine, and the flange l surrounding the feed-openingprevents particles of coal, when the reservoir is being replenished,from lodging on the top of the stove or falling upon the floor. Thepassage of currents of air upward from below the base-plate through thepipes g and chamber F, and, laterally, out of the pipes 9, not onlyaccomplishes the purpose before mentioned, but also maintains a thoroughcirculation of air within the apartment. Owing to the curved andtapering form of the neck of the magazine the coal can pass freelydownward without lodging or becoming packed in its place.

A stove of a different character may be produced by removing themagazine A and its plates L L, and fitting the casing I to the base, asshown in Fig. 6. By this means the expense of constructing two sets ofpatterns for two different kinds of stoves is avoided. When the casing Iis fitted to the base a slide, it, should be introduced into the slotat, and a rod, t, passed through an opening, a, in the base and hookedto the slide, which serves to close the opening m, and to support asupply of fuel until the cap J is in its place, when it may be drawnforward to discharge the fuel into the fire, the passage of gases intothe apartment during the introduction of fuel to the stove being thusprevented.

I do not here make any claim to the rod M, as it may form the subject ofa future application for Letters Patent.

I claim-- l. A magazine-stove, in which the upper portion of the outercasing of the stove is secured directly to or in contact with the casingof the magazine.

2. A plate or partition, L, extending from the month of the magazine orfeeder, so as to prevent the heated air or gases from passing in contactwith the entire outer side of the feeder.

3. An air-chamber, Z. around the contracted lower end of a magazine. 7

4.. A hollow perforated feeder suspende above a fire-pot and expanded atthe lower end. so as to'present 'an extended perforated surface for thepassage of currents of air directly onto the fire.

5. The combination of a magazine contracted at its lower end, a plate orplates, L, and a detachable flaring feeder.

6. A magazine, the lower end of which is contracted and curved,substantially as set forth.

7. A cylinder, B, arranged within the base of a reservoir-stove, andhaving at its upper end a perforated flange, a, supporting a firepot,and a recessed and perforated lining.

8-. The arrangement, within the base of the stove, of the fire-pot, thechambers F F F F and the air passages or-tubes g g 9 substantially asset forth.

9. A fire-pot lining consisting of detachable recessed and perforatedsections 0, constructed and arranged within a fire-pot, as specified.

10. The combination, with a fire-pot, of a chamber, B, through which aircan pass between the pot and an outer fine or chamber for the passage ofheated gases.

11. The combination, with a grate, D, of an agitating-rod, d, and adumping-rod, d connected to the grate, and operating as described.

12. A stove-base, A, cylinder A, and casing I, constructed and adaptedto'each other, substantially as described, so that when the cylinder isremoved the casing may be applied to and form a cap for the base.

13. The combination, with a stove, of a shallow casing or hopper, I,having a cap, J, and a slide, a, or its equivalent.

14. The perforated casing Hextending between the base of the stove andthe enlarged part of the reservoir.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

J. Q. 0. SEARLE.

Witnesses:

CHARLES E. FOSTER, EDM. F. BROWN.

